Dyspareunia, or pain with sexual intercourse, is unfortunately common among women. The causes that can contribute to discomfort include sexual arousal disorders, vaginal atrophy (common after menopause), effects of prior sexual trauma, pelvic muscle dysfunction and spasm, and structural abnormalities of the female reproductive system, such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or ovarian cysts.
Since the causes are so varied, it is important to seek evaluation with an experienced gynecology provider. This may include hormonal lab testing, physical exam, and ultrasound imaging.
Most women can experience complete relief with the proper treatment for the specific cause. These treatments can range from topical or oral medication to physical therapy, laser therapy, or counseling. It is also not unusual for us to recommend more than one treatment modality to fully resolve the cause(s).